EUROPEAN SCIENTIST WOMEN

  heeeeeello!
 We are asked again to do something releated to Europe, Science and Women.
And we decided to to a magazine Quizz.

 
The thing is that another group from the class has suggested a great idea, so we are all helping to make the project get ahead. For that we are taking some pictures of us an by editing them with the app callled PRISMA to make a comic. As it has to be releated with the topic, it's about a girl that becomes a superhero called superscgirl.

PRESENTATION 2

PAULA

Pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical industry is a business sector dedicated to the manufacture, preparation and marketing of medicinal chemicals for the treatment and prevention of diseases.  Their job, is to create pharmaceutical drugs to treat, prevent or cure disease. Drugs are classified in various ways, for example, the level of control with distinguishes prescription drugs( the ones that you need the order of a doctor) from over the counter drugs (the ones we can consume ourselves).

Product approval

In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , in the case of Europe the European Medicines Agency, as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves agreement of an Investigational New Drug filing with enough pre-clinical facts to support proceeding with human experimentation.  Following DNA approval, three phases of progressively larger human clinical analysis may be conducted.

• Phase I generally studies toxicity using healthy volunteers.
• Phase II can include pharmacokinetics and dosing in patients.
• Phase III is a very large study of efficacy in the intended patient population.

Following the successful completion of phase III testing, a New Drug Application is submitted to the FDA. The FDA review the data and if the product is seen as having a positive benefit-risk estimation, approval to market the product can be sold.

A fourth phase of post-approval supervision  is also often required due to the fact that even the largest clinical doses  cannot effectively predict the possibility  of rare side-effects. In certain instances, its indication may need to be limited to particular patient groups, and in others the substance is removed  from the market completely.

A product must pass the threshold for cost-effectiveness if it is to be approved. Treatments must represent 'value for money' and a net benefit to society.

But do we know the process behind? The one about human guinea pigs?

Well, the ones testing any kind of new drugs that might be sold at the market one day are human, commonly callled, human guinea pigs (cobaya humana or conejillo de indias).  This practise with humans, involves they’re exposed to several health dangers and permanent side effects. People who volunteer for these trials can be anyone, from a healthy student who needs to make a little extra cash to a desperate cancer patient hoping an experimental drug really can help.

Ads asking for volunteers are everywhere, on the backs of buses and on Craigslist. Te guinea pigs sign a consent insuring they are concious abot the risks, try the drug and are given  money for that. In Spain, they are paid between 500 and 3000 euros depending on the centro de sanidad and the prueba.

This system was called into question last month when a clinical trial of a pain medication in France went horribly wrong. While the health ministry is still investigating what happened, five people were hospitalized and one volunteer died. All these volunteers started the study healthy and now some may leave with a permanent disability.

http://ethics.harvard.edu/pharmaceutical-industry-institutional-corruption-and-public-health
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_discovery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_development

Investigation

At present the research in the laboratories of pharmaceutical companies focus their interest in finding improved treatments for cancer, diseases of the central nervous system, viral diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), arthritis and circulatory system diseases, which are the illnesses that mainly afflict developed countries, and ultimately, they generate more profit. Little research is done on the prevailing conditions of developing countries (eg Chagas disease in South America), because the return on investment in these markets is low.

The use of live animals in medical research is the subject of controversy. While pharmacists have developed and continue to develop techniques to prevent their use, live animals (mainly rats and mice) remain crucial for many procedures.

Symtoms

    Dear doctor...

 Since last week I feel more and more weak and my caugh is  increasing, it started after been playing a match when it was raining cats and dogs.
I also have to say that yestersday I had a 39º temperature. In addition, one of the simptoms I have are terrible headaches every hour. Another thing that happens to me, is the vast loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue. In fact, I am shortness of breath, usually when I climb stairs.

Would you be able to tell me what I am suffering from?

Pharmaceutical

  Hi net readers!

    This time we have to do a presentation about pharmaceutical industry and products. We've just divided the work and I'm gonna talk about the pharmacy companies and their interest.
  So, as always, hope you enjoy it!

NEWS

MY PORTFOLIO

Name ...Paula Seco... Group..1.A...... Self-assessment of European and International Competence You could periodically use it  by filling in the right level (1-6)
	Domain EIO-1	Knowledge of Europe/EU (EIO-1.X.1)	Collecting, analyzing, presenting and discussing information on European and international issues. ( EIO-1.X.2)	Steps towards active (European) citizenship. ( EIO-1.X.3)
	I am an informed European citizen who can access, process and evaluate knowledge relevant to Europe and the wider world, and act upon it	2	2	2
	Domain EIO-2	Knowledge of daily life and the organization of the local community in another country (EIO-2.X.1)	Foreign language skills. ( EIO 2.X.2)	Attitude towards cultural diversity and confidence in an international setting ( EIO-2.X.3)
	I can communicate effectively and cope in everyday life in a European / international setting.	2	4	4
	Domain EIO-3	Cooperation with peers on societal issues from an international comparative perspective (EIO-3.X.1)	Cooperation with peers using ict and international project management skills. ( EIO 3.X.2)	Intercultural awareness and skills ( EIO-3.X.3)
	I can collaborate constructively with peers from other countries on a common thematic task or project.	3	3	3
	Domain EIO-4	Informal learning (EIO-4.X.1)	Work-related learning ( EIO 4.X.2)	Entrepreneurship ( EIO-4.X.3)
	I can work and learn in an informal and work-related context and demonstrate entrepreneurship in an European / international setting.	3	3	3

1. First foreign language: My first foreign language is English and I would like to improve my oral skills in partricular.

2. Second foreign language: French, I would like to improve my level.

3. Exchange:

I expect meeting a nice person so that I can learn from things about German culture and  make a new friend. In addition, practising english and visiting a new place.

4. International orientation on future study:

5. Participation in international contests:

6. Europe Day 9 th May:

7. Any activity you can add:

Evolution Theories

   Hi, dear readers!

 In this post I'm uploading the last presentation I've done for scientific culture. It was about the different evolution theories that have been purposed during humans history.
We have to do a Pechakutxa, that is a particular presentation which involes doing 20 slides of 20 seconds each.
Actually it was such a big deal to look for all the information about the topic, then think about what was good or interesting to develope and what had to be erased. In addition, to manage with everything and make the presentation requiered many work. But at the end I achive to organize it and do a good work, even though I didn't make the presentation as well as I expected.


 Here I leave the Petchakutxa and the link of my work.




EXPLANATION

 And here is an interesting video about my topic. Hope you enjoy it!